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Question: I want to assign a static MAC address to a virtual machine (VM) on VMware ESXi. However, when I attempt to start a VM with a static MAC address, the VM fails to start and throws an error '00:0c:29:1f:4a:ab is not an allowed static Ethernet address. It conflicts with VMware reserved MACs'. How can I set a static MAC address on VMware ESXi VMs?
When you create a VM on VMware ESXi, each network interface of the VM is assigned a dynamically generated MAC address. If you want to change this default behavior and assign a static MAC address to your VM, here is how to do it.
You can manually assign a MAC address to a virtual machine. You might want to assign a MAC address to guarantee that the same address is assigned to a virtual machine every time it powers on, even it is moved, or to be sure that a unique MAC address is provided for each virtual machine in a networked environment. Maintaining and Changing the MAC Address of a Virtual Machine When a virtual machine is powered on, VMware Workstation automatically assigns each of its virtual network adapters an Ethernet MAC address. MAC stands for media access control. A MAC address is the unique address assigned to each Ethernet network device. Short answer that glosses over the details; VMware will usually provide a unique MAC address for a VM on a network. It will usually provide the same MAC address to a VM so long as the VM is not moved between hosts. In circumstances where this a changing mac address is a problem, you can manually set one. These MAC addresses can be identical to those of the protected VM, which is the default behavior, or new MAC addresses can be generated upon recovery. If the MAC address is already assigned on the recovery site, or the if the MAC address is of the form 00:0c:29:x:x:x (a legacy address range, a reference for which is available in VMware?s. You can manually assign a MAC address to a virtual machine. You might want to assign a MAC address to guarantee that the same address is assigned to a virtual machine every time it powers on, even it is moved, or to be sure that a unique MAC address is provided for each virtual machine in a networked environment.
As you can see above, VMware's vSphere GUI client already has a menu for setting a static MAC address for a VM. However, this GUI-based method only allows you to choose a static MAC address from 00:50:56:xx:xx:xx, which is VMware-reserved MAC address range. If you attempt to set any arbitrary MAC address outside this MAC range, you will fail to launch the VM, and get the following error.
Then what if I want to assign any arbitrary MAC address to a VM?
Fortunately, there is a workaround to this limitation. The solution is, instead of using vSphere GUI client, editing .vmx file of your VM directly, after logging in to the ESXi host.
First, turn off the VM to which you want to assign a static MAC address.
Enable SSH access to your ESXi host if you haven't done it already. Then log in to the ESXi host via SSH.
Move to the directory where your VM's .vmx file is located:
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Open .vmx file with a text editor, and add the following fields. Replace the MAC address field with your own.
Now you should be able to launch a VM with the static MAC address you defined in .vmx file.
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Features | Documentation | Knowledge Base | Discussion ForumsMaintaining and Changing the MAC Address of a Virtual Machine
When a virtual machine is powered on, VMware Workstation automatically assigns each of its virtual network adapters an Ethernet MAC address. MAC stands for media access control. A MAC address is the unique address assigned to each Ethernet network device.
The software guarantees that virtual machines are assigned unique MAC addresses within a given host system. In most cases, the virtual machine is assigned the same MAC address every time it is powered on, so long as the virtual machine is not moved (the path and filename for the virtual machine's configuration file must remain the same) and no changes are made to certain settings in the configuration file.
In addition, VMware Workstation does its best, but cannot guarantee, to automatically assign unique MAC addresses for virtual machines running on multiple host systems.
Avoiding MAC Changes
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To avoid changes in the MAC address automatically assigned to a virtual machine, you must not move the virtual machine's configuration file. Moving it to a different host computer or even moving it to a different location on the same host computer changes the MAC address.
You also need to be sure not to change certain settings in the virtual machine's configuration files. If you never edit the configuration file by hand and do not remove the virtual Ethernet adapter, these settings remain untouched. If you do edit the configuration file by hand, be sure not to remove or change the following options:
ethernet[n].generatedAddress
ethernet[n].addressType
ethernet[n].generatedAddressOffset
uuid.location
uuid.bios
ethernet[n].present
ethernet[n].addressType
ethernet[n].generatedAddressOffset
uuid.location
uuid.bios
ethernet[n].present
In these options, [n] is the number of the virtual Ethernet adapter, for example ethernet0.
Note: To preserve a virtual Ethernet adapter's MAC address, you also must be careful not to remove the adapter. If you remove the adapter, then recreate it, the adapter may receive a different MAC address.
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Manually Assigning a MAC Address
If you want to guarantee that the same MAC address is assigned to a given virtual machine every time, even if the virtual machine is moved, or if you want to guarantee a unique MAC address for each virtual machine within a networked environment, you can assign the address manually instead of allowing VMware Workstation to assign it automatically.
To assign the same, unique MAC address to any virtual machine manually, use a text editor to remove three lines from the configuration file and add one line. The configuration file has a.vmx extension at the end of the filename. On a Linux host, a virtual machine created with an earlier VMware product may have a configuration file with a .cfg extension.
Remove the three lines that begin with the following from the configuration file:
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ethernet[n].generatedAddress
ethernet[n].addressType
ethernet[n].generatedAddressOffset
ethernet[n].addressType
ethernet[n].generatedAddressOffset
In these options, [n] is the number of the virtual Ethernet adapter — for example ethernet0. Mac diskutil manual.
Add the following line to the configuration file:
ethernet[n].address = 00:50:56:XX:YY:ZZ
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In this line, XX must be a valid hexadecimal number between 00h and 3Fh, and YY and ZZ must be valid hexadecimal numbers between 00h and FFh. Because VMware Workstation virtual machines do not support arbitrary MAC addresses, you must use the above format.
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So long as you choose a value for XX:YY:ZZ that is unique among your hard-coded addresses (where XX is a valid hexadecimal number between 00h and 3Fh, and YY and ZZ are valid hexadecimal numbers between 00h and FFh), conflicts between the automatically assigned MAC addresses and the manually assigned addresses should never occur.